new species

Jaltomata yacheri Mione & S. Leiva

Peru

revised 15 Apr 2014

The information on this page may be cited as a personal communication with
Thomas Mione, Biology Department, Central Connecticut State Uiversity, New Britain, CT 06050-4010, USA
and
Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo Peru

Novon 17: 49-58. 2007

Link to Jaltomata homepage

Link to the Jaltomata of Cajamarca, Peru

Link to the Jaltomata of northern Peru

Link to local names including of this species

Link to list of Jaltomata species having edible fruits, including this species

Figure 1. Anthers of the flowers on the left and right are undehisced; anthers of the middle flower have dehisced
(Mione, Leiva & Yacher 737, photo by Thomas Mione).

Figure 2. Jaltomata yacheri Mione & S. Leiva. --A. Branch with leaves, inflorescence and fruit. --B. Flower, lateral view. --C. Calyx, oblique view. --D. Corolla dissected to show the insertion of the stamens. --E. Stamen, ventral view. --F, G. Anther and distal portion of filament, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. --H. Gynoecium including basal disk. --I. Berry with calyx, lateral view. --J. Seed. --K. Embryo of the seed. Scale bar of E also applies to F & G. (S. Leiva et al. 2372, drawn by S. Leiva G.).

Character	Description	Figures on this page
Habit & Height	Suffrutescent, to 1.5 m
Branches, young	green, terete, villous with dendritic hairs that are not gland-tipped
older	terete, glabrous, green
Leaves, size	geminate, the blade to 8 X 4.6 cm, somewhat coreaceous
shape	the blade ovate, the apex acute, the base rounded to somewhat truncate, the margin entire
hairs	abaxially and adaxially pilose with finger or dendritic hairs, the margin ciliate
petiole	to 1.8 cm
Inflorescence	axillary or less commonly arising from a stem dichotomy, 2- to 3- (4 including buds) flowered
peduncle	6 to 10 mm, terete, green and lanate
pedicel	5 to 10 mm, terete, green and lanate
Calyx at flowering	green, to 18 mm across, the lobes triangular, abaxially velutinous with dendritic hairs, adaxially with glands, the margin ciliate
shape / position when flowering	rotate to reflexed	1,2,3,4,6,7
at fruit maturity	green and 18 to 20 mm across
Corolla color	bright blue-purple
shape and size	urceolate with a reflexed to revolute limb, the tube 8 -- 13 mm long, the base 10 -- 12 mm in diameter, with 5 cavities full of nectar between the expanded bases of the stamens, the limb 18 to 20 (-25) mm across including lobes
lobes/lobules	10-lobed: 5 lobes alternating with 5 lobules, all triangular,
hairs	the tube glabrous within, abaxially with simple, forked and dendritic hairs mostly on the main veins; adaxially pilosulose with finger hairs 0.2 to 0.3 mm, the terminal cell of which is rounded and densely staining; the margin ciliate
Stamen length including anther	13 -- 17 mm, varying in length within a flower prior to anther dehiscence
length stamens exserted beyond distal end of corolla (applicable if corolla has a well-defined tube)	exserted 5--14 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla
radial thickenings	yes
base expanded laterally?	yes, as viewed ventrally	2E
filaments	filaments dark purple at base, otherwise pale-green, pubescent on proximal 20--25% of the length with unpigmented simple hairs
anther color	yellow	1
anther size	2.4 -- 3.3 mm
anther mucronate/mucronulate	not mucronate
insertion of filament into anther		2E,2F,2G
anthers of a flower open simultaneously?	probably not: the 5th flower in figure 3 (below) may show nonsimultaneous anther dehiscence, with the anthers of the longer stamens dehiscing first	3
pollen quantity per flower	117,700 (Mione et al. 737) 274,000 (Mione et al. 670)	flowers collected in Peru (not grown for study), counts by Emmett P. Varricchio
pollen grain size
corona	no
Stigma	capitate, bilobed, green, 0.84--1.5 mm, the papillae 60--90 µm long
Style	1.5--2.0 cm, pale-green
Ovary	disk girdling base of ovary
Ovules per ovary	184 (n = 1, Mione et al. 737) 230 (n = 1, Mione et al. 670)	flowers collected in Peru (not grown for study), counts by Thomas Mione 2013
Nectar	translucent	field observations, 1999 and 2007
Herkogamy	yes	1,2,3,4
Protogyny	yes (field notes Mione et al. 737)
Fruit color (at maturity) and size	subspherical, orange and to 11 mm across at maturity, the style somewhat persistent
Seeds per fruit	55 to 108 per berry
Seed Size	reniform
Chromosome number	no data
Growability in Connecticut, USA	no data
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit?	no data
Self-Compatible?	no data
Seed Germination	no data
Ratio of pollen to ovules	640 ((n=1 flower, Mione et al. 737) 1191 (n =1 flower, Mione et al. 670)
Character	Description of Jaltomata yacheri	Figures on this web page

Figure 3. Stamens of Jaltomata yacheri elongate while the flower is open, and then anthers dehisce. The style may also elongate while the flower is open. From left to right: developmental sequence from protogynous to functionally hermaphroditic (Mione et al. 737, photo by Thomas Mione).

Jaltomata yacheri is similar to J. contumacensis. J. yacheri grows to 1.5 m high, has a bright blue-purple corolla, the corolla limb becomes revolute, the calyx is reflexed during anthesis, and the anthers are not mucronate.

Jaltomata contumacensis, on the other hand, grows to four m high (with the support of other plants), has a light-green corolla with a nearly rotate limb, the calyx is rotate during anthesis, and the anthers are sometimes mucronate.

Distribution, ecology, etymology and uses: Jaltomata yacheri is known only from Peru, department Cajamarca, province Hualgayoc, in the vicinity of the city of Hualgayoc, where it is locally common on the side of the road between 3,460 to 3,515 m elevation.

The specific epithet was chosen by T. M. and S. L. G. to honor Dr. Leon Yacher.

Figure 4. Underside (abaxial face) of leaf showing on right, photo by Leon Yacher

Figure 5. Fruits (immature) of Jaltomata yacheri (Mione et al. 737, photo by Thomas Mione).

Figure 6. Mione et al. 737, photo by Leon Yacher.

Table 2. Specimens studied, all Peru, all Department Cajamarca:

Province	Locality	elevation m	habitat	date	collector	data entry
TYPE: Hualgayoc	near Hualgayoc	3460	roadside	18 June 1999	Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 670 (holotype, MO; isotypes, F, HAO)	April 2007
Paratype: Hualgayoc	near Hualgayoc	3460	roadside	18 June 1999	S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 2372 (CORD, HAO)	April 2007
Hualgayoc	entering Hualgayoc coming from Bambamarca, 6 45.741, 78 36.136	3515	roadside	19 March 2007	Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 737	April 2007
Hualgayoc	entering Hualgayoc coming from Bambamarca, 6 45.741, 78 36.136	3515	roadside	19 March 2007	S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 3640 (CORD, HAO)	April 2007

Figure 7.

Flowers are evidently protogynous:

anthers of these flowers have not yet dehsiced;

photo of type specimen, Mione et al. 670,

by Thomas Mione,

a print was scanned,

introducing dust onto the image.

Figure 8. Thomas Mione handling Jaltomata yacheri plant, photographed by Leon Yacher, Mione et al. 737.

Suffrutex; laminae ad 8 x 4.6 cm, aliquantum coriaceae, piliferae simplices vel dendriticae; inflorescentia 2--3 (-4)-flora; corolla urceolata, cyanea-purpurea, limbus 18-20 (-25) mm latus, reflexus, lobis 10; stamina 13--17 mm, antherae 2.4--3.3 mm; styli 1.5--2 cm.