Jaltomata salpoensis S. Leiva G. & Mione |
northern Peru |
revised Aug 2023 |
Link to Jaltomata homepage |
The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA |
Uno de la muchas especies descubierto por Segundo Leiva G. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru |
Link to list of edible Jaltomata |
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Link to the Jaltomata of La Libertad, Peru |
Link to Jaltomata of Cajamarca, Peru |
Link to table comparing all Jaltomata species of northern Peru |
Figure 1, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Pistillate phase flower at left; hermphroditic phase flower at center; unripe fruit with stellate (darker green) calyx on right. This species, unlike many species of the genus, lacks green petal spots. Photo taken at type locality by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866 |
Figure 3, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Units on ruler in lower, left corner are mm. Unripe fruit behind two flowers. Photo at type locality by Thomas Mione. T Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866. |
Figure 4, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Flower held upright in forceps. Photo at type locality by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866. |
Fix: morphology notes from field collection 823 can add to the description to show in the table immediately below.
Character | Description | Figures on this page |
Habit & Height |
Shrub 20 - 50 cm high | |
Branches, young |
nearly terete, the upper side puple, the lower green | |
older |
with lenticels, to 5 mm diam, cylindrical to slightly angular | |
Leaves, size |
the blade to 6.6 cm long X 3.1 cm wide, lustrous | |
shape | elliptical to elliptical-lanceolate | |
hairs | glabrous | |
petiole | to 2.6 cm | |
Inflorescence |
2 - 4 flowers | |
peduncle |
peduncle 5 - 10 mm long, glabrous | |
pedicel |
purple, glabrous to 9 mm | |
Calyx when flowering: color, size |
green to purple, 5 - 6.5 mm across (lobe-tip to lobe-tip) |
|
shape / position during anthesis | planar | |
hairs | glabrous | |
at fruit maturity | planar | |
Corolla color |
white (externally and internally); purple in base where corolla meets androecium, visible from outside the flower |
|
green spots | not at type locality | green petal spots are absent at type locality but present on/in Mione et al. 853 from Dept. Amazonas (figure 5). |
purple ring | No. However there is purple pigmentation on the most proximal part of the corolla (the purple ring, where present in other species, is not at the very base of the corolla) | |
shape and size |
crateriform, 8 - 12 mm diam, 6.5 mm petal length if insert ruler into flower and gently press ruler against petal |
|
lobes/lobules |
5-lobed (no lobules) at type locality. lobes alternating with small lobules (totaling 10) at population Mione et al. 823 |
|
hairs
|
glabrous except for the margin, the margin ciliate | |
no | dissecting microscope Aug 2012 | |
Stamen length including anther |
3 mm | measured in field, but very carefully |
filaments | the lower 40% pigmented purple the proximal 35% hairy, the hairs unpigmented |
|
anther color | pale-yellow | |
anther size | 1.5 mm | measured in field, but very carefully |
anther mucronate/mucronulate | no | |
anthers of a flower open simultaneously? | no, when we made two different collections we saw one flower having two anthers dehisced and three undehisced | Mione et al. 854, 866 |
pollen quantity per flower | 16,000 (n = 1 flower) | Mione et al. 639, count by Emmett P. Varricchio, flower collected in wild (not grown for study) |
pollen grain size | diameter (polar view):
mean 33.9 µm, range 30 - 37.5 µm |
n = 50 grains, stained in cotton blue in lactophenol, anthers stored in 70% ethanol prior, Mione et al. 639, flower collected in wild |
corona | no | |
Stigma |
capitate, green, bilobed, 0.7 mm diam, included (side view) |
|
Style |
green but lighter green than stigma, 2.5 mm long | |
Ovary |
green but the ovarian disk orange | |
Ovules per ovary |
27 (n =1 flower) | Mione et al. 639, count by T. M., 2012, flower collected in wild (not grown for study) |
Nectar |
||
Herkogamy | yes (see photos on this page) | |
Protogyny | yes | |
Fruit color (at maturity) and size |
orange | |
Seeds per fruit |
5, 7, 18 |
Mione et al. 854 |
Seed Size |
no data |
no data |
Chromosome number |
no data |
no data |
Growability in Connecticut, USA |
no data |
no data |
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit? |
no data |
no data |
Self-Compatible? |
no data |
no data |
Seed Germination |
no data |
no data |
Ratio of Pollen to Ovules | 593 (16,000 / 27 ovules, n = 1 flower) | Mione et al. 639, 2012, flower collected in wild, not grown for study |
Character | Above: Description of Jaltomata salpoensis |
Figure 6. Jaltomata salpoensis. Two pistillate-phase flowers and one flower inverted to show calyx and corolla's outer (abaxial) face. Unripe fruit with stellate (darker green) calyx. Units on ruler in lower corner are mm. Photo at type locality by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866. |
Department | province | locality | elevation m |
habitat | date |
collector |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
La Libertad | Otuzco | distrito Salpo, Cerro Quinga (al sur-este de Salpo) | 3,750
|
among rocks | 1 May 1995 |
S. Leiva G. 1724 (Holotype: HAO; isotypes: CORD, F, HUT, US) |
La Libertad | Otuzco | distrito Salpo, 8 04' 05" S, 78 34' 37" W |
3,700 |
on exposed rocks | 11 June 1999 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 639 (NY) S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 2334 |
La Libertad | Otuzco | distrito Salpo, Cerro Quinga, 8 04' 07.9 S, 78 34' 34.2 W link to movie showing habitat |
3,800-3,938 |
among rocks | 21 May 2015 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866 |
La Libertad | Santiago de Chuco | about 1.5 to 2 hour walk uphill from Cachicadan, 8 05 03.3 S, 78 08 05.4 W. link to movie showing area near collection |
3,513 |
at base of largest rocks | 24 Mar 2013 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 823; S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 5416 |
Cajamarca | Cajamarca | Abra el Gavilan. 07 14.789 S 078 28.147 W |
3,253 |
steep, rocky, open sun | 16 May 2015 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 854; S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 5867 |
Figure 8, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Numbered units on the left side of ruler are cm. Peru, Department La Libertad, province Santiago de Chuco, about 1.5 to 2 hour walk to the top from Cachicadan. Photo by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 823. |
Figure 9, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Corolla tissue was ripped away to allow a view of the ovary including the ovarian disk (orange). The base of the filament is pigmented purple but the filament hairs are not pigmented. The three athers showing have dehisced. T. M. removed the background in photoshop but this photo was not otherwise altered. Photo at type locality by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866. |
Figure 10, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Photo at type locality by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866. |
Figure 12, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Photo at type locality by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866. |
Figure 14, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Note in this image the presence of corolla lobules, not seen on the flowers of the plants at the type locality in the neighboring province in the same Department. Units on the ruler are mm. Peru, Department La Libertad, province Santiago de Chuco, about 1.5 to 2 hour walk to the top from Cachicadan. Photo by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 823. |
Figure 15, above. Jaltomata salpoensis. Photo at type locality by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 866. |
Figure 16. Jaltomata salpoensis. Note corolla lobules, not seen in the population at the type locality in the neighboring province in the same Department. Peru, Department La Libertad, province Santiago de Chuco, about 1.5 to 2 hour walk to the top from Cachicadan. Photo by Thomas Mione. T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 823. |
In about 2015 I began to recognize Mione et al. 738 as a distinct species, J. sanmiguelina. I once thought that Mione et al. 738 (Leiva et al. 3641) represented J. salpoensis. However, the molecular (Waxy) data groups collection Mione et al. 738 with J. oppositifolia (98% bootstrap value), not with J. salpoensis 706. Mione et al. 738 is a distinct species, J. sanmiguelina. J. oppositifolia has corolla lobes and lobules alternating, while the corolla of J. sanmiguelina lacks lobules. |