Jaltomata leivae Mione |
northern Peru |
revised 16 Apr 2014 |
Link to Jaltomata homepage | The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA, and Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru |
Novon 17: 49-58. 2007 |
Link to the Jaltomata of Cajamarca, Peru |
Link to list of Jaltomata species having red / orange nectar |
Link to the Jaltomata of northern Peru |
Link to local names including of this species |
Link to a list of edible Jaltomata species including this one |
Figure 1. Flower estimated to be in Photo by Thomas Mione |
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Figure 2. Note, by comparing the
photo by Thomas Mione |
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Character | Description | Figures on this page |
Habit & Height |
Suffrutescent or shrub, erect or sometimes leaning, to 2.5 m across when leaning on other vegetation | |
Branches, young |
angulate, green, glabrate with finger or dendritic hairs | |
older |
woody, to 2 cm in diameter at base, nearly terete, glabrous with lenticels, brown | |
Leaves, size |
alternate, often geminate, to 11 X 5.3 cm, membranous | |
shape | the blade ovate to elliptical, the apex acute, the base somewhat attenuate, the margin entire | |
hairs | both faces glabrate, the youngest (smallest) leaves with finger or dendritic hairs, the margin sparsely ciliolate on older leaves | |
petiole | to 17 mm | |
Inflorescence |
axillary, (1)2-(3) flowered; Flower buds dome-shaped at the apex and round in cross section. | |
peduncle |
1--9 mm, terete, green, sparsely to densely pubescent with finger and branchlet hairs | |
pedicel |
10--14 mm, terete, sparsely to densely pubescent with finger and branchlet hairs | |
Calyx at flowering |
green, 15 mm across, the lobes deltoid, adaxially glabrous except for abundant glands, abaxially pilose with both dentritic and less commonly forked or finger hairs and glands, the margin ciliolate | |
shape / position when flowering | reflexed | 2 |
at fruit maturity | 26 mm across | |
Corolla color |
the tube bright red-violet, the limb light blue-purple to off-white |
|
shape and size |
urceolate, the tube 7--9 long X 10 mm wide at base, |
6 |
lobes/lobules |
10-lobed | |
hairs
|
the tube glabrous within, the abaxial face pilose on veins with dendritic and finger hairs, and abundant glands on the lobes; the limb completely revolute, light blue-purple to off-white, the adaxial face pilosulose with finger hairs 0.2 -- 0.3 mm long having a bulbous terminal cell, the margin ciliate | |
Stamen length including anther |
11 -- 14 mm | |
length stamens exserted beyond distal end of corolla (applicable if corolla has a well-defined tube) | exserted 6--7 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla | |
yes | ||
base expanded laterally? | yes | |
filaments | off-white, pubescent on proximal 20--25% of length with simple unpigmented hairs | |
anther color | yellow prior to dehiscence | |
anther size | 1.9--3 mm, sometimes pubescent near sutures | |
anther mucronate / mucronulate | no | |
insertion of filament into anther | ||
anthers of a flower open simultaneously? | ||
pollen quantity per flower | 143,500 | Mione et al. 660, flower collected in wild, not grown for study. Count by Emmett Varricchio |
pollen grain size | ||
corona | no | |
Stigma |
capitate, shallowly bilobed, dark green, 0.4 mm, exserted 5.5 mm beyond the anthers and 12 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla, stigma papillae 25--30 µm long |
|
Style |
9 -- 18 mm, green, with a few hairs 0.06 mm long distally | |
Ovary |
disk broad, girdling base of ovary | 3G |
Ovules per ovary |
156 | Mione et al. 660; flower collected in wild, not grown for study. Count by T. M. |
Nectar |
red | |
Herkogamy | ||
Protogyny | ||
Fruit color (at maturity) and size |
subspherical, pale orange to 16 mm in diameter at maturity |
|
Seeds per fruit |
to 168 per berry, sub-triangular to reniform, compressed, alveolate | |
Seed Size |
1.59--1.8 X 1.23--1.47 X 0.42--0.48 mm | |
Chromosome number |
||
Growability in Connecticut, USA |
||
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit? |
||
Self-Compatible? |
||
Seed Germination |
||
Ratio of pollen to ovules |
920 | Mione et al. 660, flower collected in wild, not grown for study |
Character | Description of Jaltomata leivae | Figures on this web page |
Jaltomata leivae is similar to J. ventricosa (Baker) Mione of the department La Libertad, Peru. Both species have an urceolate corolla having a 10-lobed, revolute limb, abundant red to orange nectar showing through the corolla wall, exserted stamens and style, and a peduncle under one cm long. Jaltomata leivae differs by having: a) flower buds that are dome-shaped at the apex and round in cross section, b) calyx lobes deltoid, wider than long and recurved at anthesis, c) calyx and corolla abaxially pubescent with branchlet hairs, d) corolla lobes light blue-purple to off-white, and e) hairs on no more than 25% of the filament, and hairs often present on the anther. In contrast, J.ventricosa has: a) flower buds pointed at the apex and strongly 5-pointed in cross section, b) calyx lobes narrowly triangular, longer than wide, and rotate at anthesis, c) calyx and corolla abaxially glabrate, d) corolla lobes off-white, and e) hairs on 37% of the filament, and lacking on the anther.
Distribution, ecology, etymology. Jaltomata leivae is known only from Peru, department Cajamarca, province Contumazá, above the town of Guzmango in a ravine near a stream, between 2560 and 2650 m. This species flowers in April, May and June, and mature fruit was noted during the type collection (June). The specific epithet was chosen to honor Segundo Leiva G.
Locality |
habitat |
elevation |
date |
collector (herbarium) |
date of data entry |
TYPE. Above Guzmango |
in remnant patch of native vegetation in ravine along stream | 2650 m |
17 June 1999 |
S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 2360 (holotype, HAO; isotypes, CORD, F, MO) | 24 Feb 2014 |
Collected at same time & location as as type specimen | in remnant patch of native vegetation in ravine along stream | 2650 m |
17 June 1999 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 660 (MO) | 24 Feb 2014 |
arriba de Guzmango | 2570 m |
24 April 1995 |
S. Leiva G. 1719 (CORD, F, HAO, MO) | 24 Feb 2014 |
|
2560 m |
31 May 1996 |
S. Leiva G. & Sagástegui 1839 (F, HAO) | 24 Feb 2014 |
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Figure 3. Jaltomata leivae. --A. Branch with leaves, inflorescence, and fruit. --B. Flower, lateral view. --C. Corolla dissected to show the insertion of the stamens. --D. Stamen, ventral view. –E, F. Anther with distal portion of filament, lateral-ventral and dorsal views, respectively. --G. Gynoecium --H. Berry with calyx, lateral view. Scale bar of D also applies to E & F. S. Leiva 2360, drawn by Segundo Leiva G. |
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Figure 4. Branch with leaves and a flower at center, type collection. |
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Figure 5. We found it growing only along the stream, and evidence of the cutting of vegetation was eveywhere including nearby. This species is known only from this locality.
Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 660 |
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Figure 6. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 660 |
to Jaltomata homepage
The information on this page may be cited as a communication with
professor Thomas Mione
Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, Connecticut 06050-4010, United States of America
Frutex vel suffrutex; laminae ad 11 x 5.3 cm, membranaceae, glabratae; inflorescentia (1-) 2 (-3)-flora; corolla urceolata, basi rubroviolacea limbus totus revolutus, 14 mm latus, lobis 10; stamina 11--14 mm, antherae 1.9--3 mm; styli 9--18 mm.