leiva

Jaltomata leivae Mione

northern Peru

revised 16 Apr 2014

The information on this page may be cited as a communication with
professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA, and
Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru

Novon 17: 49-58. 2007

Link to the Jaltomata of Cajamarca, Peru

Link to list of Jaltomata species
having red / orange nectar

Link to the Jaltomata
of northern Peru

Link to local names including of this species

Link to a list of edible Jaltomata species including this one

Figure 1.

Flower estimated to be in
day one of being open
because anthers
are undehisced

Photo by Thomas Mione
in Peru, collection
Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 660

Figure 2.

Flower estimated to be in
day two or day three
of being open:
anthers have all dehisced.

Note, by comparing the
flowers above and at right,
how the corolla has become
revolute after
the flower opened.

photo by Thomas Mione
in Peru, collection
Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 660

Character	Description	Figures on this page
Habit & Height	Suffrutescent or shrub, erect or sometimes leaning, to 2.5 m across when leaning on other vegetation
Branches, young	angulate, green, glabrate with finger or dendritic hairs
older	woody, to 2 cm in diameter at base, nearly terete, glabrous with lenticels, brown
Leaves, size	alternate, often geminate, to 11 X 5.3 cm, membranous
shape	the blade ovate to elliptical, the apex acute, the base somewhat attenuate, the margin entire
hairs	both faces glabrate, the youngest (smallest) leaves with finger or dendritic hairs, the margin sparsely ciliolate on older leaves
petiole	to 17 mm
Inflorescence	axillary, (1)2-(3) flowered; Flower buds dome-shaped at the apex and round in cross section.
peduncle	1--9 mm, terete, green, sparsely to densely pubescent with finger and branchlet hairs
pedicel	10--14 mm, terete, sparsely to densely pubescent with finger and branchlet hairs
Calyx at flowering	green, 15 mm across, the lobes deltoid, adaxially glabrous except for abundant glands, abaxially pilose with both dentritic and less commonly forked or finger hairs and glands, the margin ciliolate
shape / position when flowering	reflexed	2
at fruit maturity	26 mm across
Corolla color	the tube bright red-violet, the limb light blue-purple to off-white
shape and size	urceolate, the tube 7--9 long X 10 mm wide at base, the limb completely revolute, 14 mm across	6
lobes/lobules	10-lobed
hairs	the tube glabrous within, the abaxial face pilose on veins with dendritic and finger hairs, and abundant glands on the lobes; the limb completely revolute, light blue-purple to off-white, the adaxial face pilosulose with finger hairs 0.2 -- 0.3 mm long having a bulbous terminal cell, the margin ciliate
Stamen length including anther	11 -- 14 mm
length stamens exserted beyond distal end of corolla (applicable if corolla has a well-defined tube)	exserted 6--7 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla
radial thickenings	yes
base expanded laterally?	yes
filaments	off-white, pubescent on proximal 20--25% of length with simple unpigmented hairs
anther color	yellow prior to dehiscence
anther size	1.9--3 mm, sometimes pubescent near sutures
anther mucronate / mucronulate	no
insertion of filament into anther
anthers of a flower open simultaneously?
pollen quantity per flower	143,500	Mione et al. 660, flower collected in wild, not grown for study. Count by Emmett Varricchio
pollen grain size
corona	no
Stigma	capitate, shallowly bilobed, dark green, 0.4 mm, exserted 5.5 mm beyond the anthers and 12 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla, stigma papillae 25--30 µm long
Style	9 -- 18 mm, green, with a few hairs 0.06 mm long distally
Ovary	disk broad, girdling base of ovary	3G
Ovules per ovary	156	Mione et al. 660; flower collected in wild, not grown for study. Count by T. M.
Nectar	red
Herkogamy
Protogyny
Fruit color (at maturity) and size	subspherical, pale orange to 16 mm in diameter at maturity
Seeds per fruit	to 168 per berry, sub-triangular to reniform, compressed, alveolate
Seed Size	1.59--1.8 X 1.23--1.47 X 0.42--0.48 mm
Chromosome number
Growability in Connecticut, USA
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit?
Self-Compatible?
Seed Germination
Ratio of pollen to ovules	920	Mione et al. 660, flower collected in wild, not grown for study
Character	Description of Jaltomata leivae	Figures on this web page

Jaltomata leivae is similar to J. ventricosa (Baker) Mione of the department La Libertad, Peru. Both species have an urceolate corolla having a 10-lobed, revolute limb, abundant red to orange nectar showing through the corolla wall, exserted stamens and style, and a peduncle under one cm long. Jaltomata leivae differs by having: a) flower buds that are dome-shaped at the apex and round in cross section, b) calyx lobes deltoid, wider than long and recurved at anthesis, c) calyx and corolla abaxially pubescent with branchlet hairs, d) corolla lobes light blue-purple to off-white, and e) hairs on no more than 25% of the filament, and hairs often present on the anther. In contrast, J.ventricosa has: a) flower buds pointed at the apex and strongly 5-pointed in cross section, b) calyx lobes narrowly triangular, longer than wide, and rotate at anthesis, c) calyx and corolla abaxially glabrate, d) corolla lobes off-white, and e) hairs on 37% of the filament, and lacking on the anther.

Distribution, ecology, etymology. Jaltomata leivae is known only from Peru, department Cajamarca, province Contumazá, above the town of Guzmango in a ravine near a stream, between 2560 and 2650 m. This species flowers in April, May and June, and mature fruit was noted during the type collection (June). The specific epithet was chosen to honor Segundo Leiva G.

Collections of *Jaltomata leivae* studied:
All of the following were collected in Peru, Department Cajamarca, province Contumazá, distrito Guzmango
Locality	habitat	elevation	date	collector (herbarium)	date of data entry
TYPE. Above Guzmango	in remnant patch of native vegetation in ravine along stream	2650 m	17 June 1999	S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 2360 (holotype, HAO; isotypes, CORD, F, MO)	24 Feb 2014

Collected at same time & location as as type specimen	in remnant patch of native vegetation in ravine along stream	2650 m	17 June 1999	T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 660 (MO)	24 Feb 2014
arriba de Guzmango		2570 m	24 April 1995	S. Leiva G. 1719 (CORD, F, HAO, MO)	24 Feb 2014
		2560 m	31 May 1996	S. Leiva G. & Sagástegui 1839 (F, HAO)	24 Feb 2014

Figure 3. Jaltomata leivae. --A. Branch with leaves, inflorescence, and fruit. --B. Flower, lateral view. --C. Corolla dissected to show the insertion of the stamens. --D. Stamen, ventral view. –E, F. Anther with distal portion of filament, lateral-ventral and dorsal views, respectively. --G. Gynoecium --H. Berry with calyx, lateral view. Scale bar of D also applies to E & F.
S. Leiva 2360, drawn by Segundo Leiva G.

Figure 4. Branch with leaves and a flower at center, type collection.
Photo by Thomas Mione in Peru, a print was scanned.

Figure 5.

The dwindling
habitat of
Jaltomata leivae.

We found it growing only along the stream, and evidence of the cutting of vegetation was eveywhere including nearby.

This species is known only from this locality.

Photo by Thomas Mione,

Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 660

Figure 6.

Calyx (green) and revolute corolla of Jaltomata leivae

Photo by Thomas Mione,

Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 660

to Jaltomata homepage
The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione
Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, Connecticut 06050-4010, United States of America

Frutex vel suffrutex; laminae ad 11 x 5.3 cm, membranaceae, glabratae; inflorescentia (1-) 2 (-3)-flora; corolla urceolata, basi rubroviolacea limbus totus revolutus, 14 mm latus, lobis 10; stamina 11--14 mm, antherae 1.9--3 mm; styli 9--18 mm.