Jaltomata propinqua (Miers) Mione & M. Nee |
Peru, Departments Lima & Ancash |
revised Nov 2018 |
The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA, and Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru |
Link to Jaltomata homepage |
Link to the Jaltomata of northern Peru |
Link to Jaltomata of Department of Lima | Link to the Jaltomata Ancash, Peru |
Link to local names |
Link to the Jaltomata species having edible fruits |
Figure 1, above. Flower (note staggered anther dehiscence), leaves and branch of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number. Figure 2, below. Fruits of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, Photo by T. Mione, Mione et al. 868 |
Character | Description of J. propinqua | Figures on this page, or comments |
Habit & Height |
suffrutescent to small shrub, to 1.2 m | |
Branches, young |
pilose, the hairs long, soft, finger-like, and gland-tipped | 1 |
older |
cylindrical | |
Leaves, size |
single or paired, to 9.5 cm long by 5.5 cm wide but usually somewhat smaller | 1 |
shape | lanceolate with the apex acute, to ovate with the apex obtuse, entire to sinuate-crenate | 1 |
hairs | pilose, the hairs long, soft, finger-like, sometimes gland-tipped | 1 |
petiole | 1 | |
Inflorescence |
4 - 7 (-10) flowered, rarely branched | |
peduncle |
||
pedicel |
2, 3, 4 | |
Calyx at flowering |
3, 4 | |
at fruit maturity | ||
Corolla color |
center dark violet to blue, paler peripherally | 1 |
green spots | no (grown from seeds from Dept Lima) yes, 5 pairs (Figure 18 taken in Department Ancash) |
observations made through dissecting microscope, Mione et al. 868, fall 2017 |
purple ring | no | |
purple in base of corolla | yes | |
shape and size |
short tube at base 3 - 4 mm long always present but not evident on some pressed flowers, the limb reflexed | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
lobes/lobules |
10, the lobes and lobules alternate | 1 |
hairs
|
||
no | observations made with a dissecting microscope on Mione et al. 868, conformed Oct 2017 |
|
Stamen length |
8 - 13 mm | 1, 2 |
filaments | purple; densely villous proximally with uniseriate finger hairs, glabrous distally | 1 |
anther color | blue to purple | 1 |
anther size | 1.34 - 1.92 mm long (pressed specimens) | 1, 2, 4, 5 |
anther mucronate/mucronulate | no (observations were made with a dissecting microscope) | 2, 4, 5 |
anthers of a flower with temporally staggered dehiscence? | Yes | Figure 1 and based on study of preserved flowers Mione et al. 621 |
pollen grain size | mean 30.7 um, range 27.5 - 35 um | Mione et al. 621, cotton blue in lactophenol, anthers had been stored in 70% prior to measurements by Melissa R. Luna, n = 50 grains |
Stigma |
capitate, somewhat bilobed, nearly 1 mm across | 6, 3, 1 |
Style |
twice as long as stamens | 1, 3, 5 |
Ovary |
||
Nectar |
clear | nectar drawn into microcapillary tube and then observations made with a dissecting microscope on Mione et al. 868, confirmed Oct 2017 |
Herkogamy | Yes | 1 |
Protogyny | probably | |
Fruit color (at maturity) and size |
orange | Figures 2, 6 |
Seeds per fruit |
87 seeds in a fruit 6 X 9 mm |
fruit collected in wild (Mione 868) |
Seed Size
|
measure these! | |
Character | Description of Jaltomata propinqua | Figures on this web page |
Character | Description | |
Growability in Connecticut, USA |
plant from seed did not flower for months but a cutting of it did flower after several months | |
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit? |
||
Flowers Closing For The Night? |
||
Self-Compatible? |
||
Seed Germination |
Seeds with partial seedcoat removal immediately prior were treated with 300 ppm gibberellic acid (GA) overnight from 4 to 5 November 2016, and were planted on the surface of potting mix on 5 November. A heat mat warmed the cups 24/7. Seeds showed their first above-ground signs of germination on 18 November 2016. | |
Pollen quantity per flower | 90,000 (n = 1 flower) | Mione et al. 621, count by Emmett P. Varricchio, 2012, flower collected in Peru (not grown for study) |
Ovules per ovary |
104 (n = 1 flower) | Mione et al. 621, count by Thomas Mione, 2012, flower collected in Peru (not grown for study) |
Ratio of pollen to ovules |
865 (n = 1 flower) | Mione et al. 621, flower collected in Peru (not grown for study) |
Chromosome number |
no data | |
Character | Jaltomata propinqua |
Figure 3, above. Flower of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, Photo by T. Mione, Mione et al. 868. Figure 4, below. Leaves and branch of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number. |
Figure 5, above. Side-view of flower of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number. Figure 6, below. Fruit of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number.
|
Flowers February-March and fruits in April (Vilcapoma Segovia 2007)
Jaltomata propinqua,
Peru, Department Lima: Geographic Distribution, Altitude, and Months in Flower
Province | Locality | elev- ation m |
habitat | date | collector |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canta | TYPE LOCALITY: |
no data |
Mathews 774 (Holotype: K!; Isotype: W, photo of W sheet, F neg. 33136 at GH! & WIS!) | ||
Huaral | NW side of road, 11.4 km NE of Acos, on road to Acaraos, ca. 50 km NE of the small bridge crossing over the road of Rio Chancay, 76.7 W, 11.3 S | 2,075 |
among rocks by roadside | 10 Apr 1999 | D. M. Spooner et al. 7378a (WIS) |
Canta | Arahuay | 3000 |
a orillas del rio | 11 Jun 1972 | G. Vilcapoma S. 55 (US) |
Canta | Arahuay | 2600 |
ludera rocosa | 4 Apr 1975 | C. Ochoa & G. Vilcapoma 279 (MO) |
Canta | cuesta a Puruchuco | 2500 - 2600 |
ladera subxerófítica | 2 Apr 1994 | G. Vilcapoma S. 3034 |
Canta | at Huaytanca, ca. 5 km walk NE of town of Canta on the path to Antura, 76.7 W, 11.6 S | 2775 |
among shrubs by path | 8 Apr 1999 | D. M. Spooner et al 7371a (WIS) |
Huarochirí | Surco | 2000 |
shore of a rivulet | 24 May 1940 | E. Asplund 11061 (US) |
Huarochirí | near Lima-Oroya highway at km 81 E of Lima | 2250 |
dry open hillside, loose gravel | 15-22 Mar 1942 | T. H. Goodspeed & R. D. Metcalf 30242 (US) |
Huarochirí | an der Lima -- Oroya Bahn, zwischen Matucana und Tambo de viso. Type of var. parviflorus |
2370 - 2650 |
no data |
Dec | Weberbauer 109 (G!) |
Huarochirí | Surco | 2034 |
no data |
Feb 1948 | J. Soukup 3731 (F US) |
Huarochirí | Quebrada San Juan, entre Surco y Matucana | 2300 |
pedregoso, falda cerro |
13 Feb 1949 | R. Ferreyra 5422 (US) |
Huarochirí | Quebrada Ayas o San Juan, Entre Surco y Matucana | 2300 |
pedregoso | 13 Feb 1949 | R. Ferreyra 5417 (US) |
Huarochirí | Quebrada San Juan, Entre Surco y Matucana | 2200- 2300 |
pedregoso, falda de cerro | 14 Mar 1949 | R. Ferreyra 5429 (US) |
Huarochirí | District of Matucana, km 83 Carretera Central, right side | 2591-2896 |
among rocks or in crevices of stone walls | 17 Apr 1955 | S.G.E. Saunders 303 (GH) |
Huarochirí | Santa Eulalia Valley, Río Chira, at Pariagancha | 2600 |
steep slopes | 7 Nov 1964 | P. C. Hutchison & C. Saravia 7107 (K MO NY) |
Huarochirí | Cerca de Pachacosa | 3800 |
no data |
20 Mar 1974 | C. Ochoa 7425 (F US) |
Huarochirí | Distrito Santiago de Tuna. Frente al Monte Zárate, al norte de Lucmani | 3200 |
no data |
17 Mar 1983 | C. Ochoa & A. Salas 15103 (US) |
Huarochirí | km 82 carretera Lima-Huancayo, pasando de Matucana hacia Ticlio | 2600 |
no data |
3 May 1983 | C. Ochoa & A. Salas 15207 (F NY WIS) |
Huarochirí | Camino de Huaquicha a Palacala | 2600 |
ladera arcillo-pedregosa con vegetación estacional | 27 Apr 1996 | A. Granda P. & J. Alegría 1834 |
Huarochirí | between km 82 & 83 highway Lima Oroya | 2500 |
roadside | 16 Jan 1998 | T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 621 |
Huarochirí | between km 82 & 83 highway Lima Oroya, S 11 48' 20.7", W 76 20' 35.5" |
2931 |
roadside | 18 May 2016 | T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 868 S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 6044 |
Province | Locality | elevation | habitat | date | collectors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huaylas | Distrito Pamparomas, Road Karka to Pamparomas, S 09 03 03, W 77 58 30" | 2850 |
mixed vegetation, fields, rock-outcrops and hedges/fores remnants over sandstone | 5 May 2000 |
M. Weigend 2000/629 (M) |
Huaylas | S 09 05.254 W 77 58.911 |
2717 m |
roadside |
17 May 2015 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 857 |
Aija | a 7 km walk E of the town of Aija S 9.8 W 77.6 |
2945 m |
rocky slope, with grasses |
1 April 1999 |
D. M. Spooner et al. 7352B (WIS) |
Aija | Road from Aija to Huarmey S 9 47' 22" W 77 36' 13.5" |
3456 m |
steep roadside bank |
14 June 2005 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 727 |
Aija | Road from Aija to Huarmey S 9 47' 39.3" W 77 33' 54.3" |
2843 m |
roadside |
20 May 2015 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 864 |
Aija | Road from Aija to Huarmey S 9 49' 43.1" W 77 42' 06.9" |
2302 m |
roadside |
20 May 2015 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 865 |
Figure 7, above. Flower of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number. Figure 8, below. Flower and unripe fruit of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number. |
Figure 9, above. Flower of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number. Figure 10, below. Flower and unripe fruit of Jaltomata propinqua. Peru, Department Lima, "Río Rímac" Photo by Segundo Leiva G., without collection number. |
Figure 11, above. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Flower with petals removed to show androecium and gynoecium. The base of the ovary is wider due to the ovarian disk. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 12, above. Note the style length variation: the stigma is exserted well beyond the anthers in the flower at lower right, and the stigma is near anthers in flowers towards the upper left. Units along bottom are mm. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 13, above. Flower of Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Stigma (green) at far right edge of photo. Calyx and ovary (after senescence of corolla and androecium) at lower left. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 14, above. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Flower showing two dehisced anthers and three anthers not yet dehisced. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 15, above. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Flower. Note stigma exsertion beyond anthers (herkogamy). Units in upper left are mm. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 16, above. Woody stem of Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Units at right are mm. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 17, above. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Flower in side-view. Note non-simultaneous anther dehiscence. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 18, above. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Flower with petals, two stamens and gynoecium removed to reveal paired green petal spots (three stamens are oriented toward viewer). Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 19, above. Leaf of Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Numbered units are cm. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 20, above. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Stigma exserted only a few mm beyond anthers in contrast with other flowers we saw of the same species having longer styles. Petals removed to show the bright-orange ovarian disk. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 864 |
Figure 21, above. Photo out of focus but included to show white corolla tissue where tube and limb meet, and nonsimultaneous anther dehiscence. Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 864 |
Figure 22, above. The conspicuous shrub centrally located is Jaltomata propinqua collected in Peru, Department Ancash. Note the metal ruler (16.5 cm long) nearly horizontal below the plant of interest. The same plant is shown in the next photo. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 864 |
Figure 23, above. Woody stems of Jaltomata propinqua just above ground-level. Numbered units are cm. This is the base of the stems of the plant shown in the photo immediately above. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Department Ancash, Mione et al. 864 |
Figure 24, above. Jaltomata propinqua. Leaf blade. Photo by T. Mione in Peru, Department Ancash, Mione et al. 857 |
Figure 25, above. Nonsimultaneous anther dehiscence in flower of Jaltomata propinqua. Anthers of longer stamens have clearly dehisced while anthers of at least one of the shorter stamens have not yet dehsiced (preserved in spirits in Peru as part of Mione et al. 621, photo by Thomas Mione after flower had been stored in ethanol for years, units are mm). |
Figure 26, above. This flower of Jaltomata propinqua was ready to open for the first time, probably the next day, when placed in spirits in Peru. Its stigma, the highest object in the photo, differs in color from the style (Preseved in spirits in Peru as part of Mione et al. 621, photo by Thomas Mione after flower had been stored in ethanol for years. Units are mm) |
Figure 27, above. Flower of Jaltomata propinqua. Corolla partially removed to show three shorter and two longer stamens, with one of the shorter stamens hidden behind the two showing. The same flower, before it was dissected, is shown in figure 3 (preserved in spirits in Peru as part of Mione et al. 621, photo by Thomas Mione after flower had been stored in ethanol for years; units are mm). |
Figure 28, above. Flower of Jaltomata propinqua. Corolla partially removed to show three shorter and two longer stamens with one of the shorter stamens hidden behind the two showing. The same flower, before it was dissected, is shown in figure 3 (preserved in spirits in Peru as part of Mione et al. 621, photo by Thomas Mione after flower had been stored in ethanol for years). |
Figure 29. Jaltomata propinqua stigma (bilobed) and distal part of style
Preserved in spirits in Peru The vertical white lines |
Figure 30, above. Seeds collected to grow the above plant were collected in Department Lima, Peru. |
About the type locality Undoubtedly "Cuesta de Puruchuco" is located in the province of
Canta. Puruchuco is a small town at 2500 m which is almost uninhabited at
the present, but the "Cuesta de Puruchuco" is properly a subxerophytic steep
slope approximately 400 m below the town, in a range of 2100 to 2500 m. A
track goes downhill, and along it I collected Jaltomata aspera, which grows
together with some other interesting plants including Jaltomata propinqua. |