Jaltomata neei Mione & S. Leiva

northern Peru
revised 11 Sept 2015  
Link to Jaltomata homepage The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA, and
Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru		 Brittonia, 2015
Link to movie of type locality

Link to the Jaltomata species having
red / orange nectar
Link to local names
Link to the Jaltomata species
of Cajamarca, Peru

This species was J. "rednectar"
in Miller et al. 2011
Link to the Jaltomata species
of northern Peru
Above: Figure 1. The flowers are protogynous and the corolla changes color from green to blue as the flower ages. Younger flowers have a green corolla and are pistillate: they are fully open but anthers have not yet dehisced. Older flowers have a blueish corolla and dehisced anthers. The dehiscence of the anthers and the corolla color shift from green to blue are not always synchronous: some photos taken during our fieldwork show flowers having both a bluish corolla and anthers that have not yet dehisced. Red nectar is produced by all flowers. Here are some questions I don't know the answers to: a) does the color change occur in response to visitation? b) is there a change in ultraviolet reflection with the color change, c) are different species of pollinators attracted to the younger (green) and older (blue) flowers?, d) do the blue flowers increase overall attractiveness to pollinators from a distance?, e) are there more visits (per unit time) to blue flowers (blue flowers can both receive and contribute pollen) than to green flowers (green flowers can only receive pollen)? Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833.
Above: Figure 2. Jaltomata neei flower in side view. Photo by Thomas Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 833
Figure 3. Jaltomata neei flower in side view. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833.
Figure 4. Stems, leaves, flowers and unripe fruits of Jaltomata neei. Numbered units are cm, photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833
Character Description Figures on this page
Habit & Height
Shrub, 1 - 2 m 8
Branches, young
 green, pubescent with erect, unpigmented, dendritic and forked non-gland-tipped hairs; somewhat angular to nearly terete. 7, 14
older
brown, glabrous, with lenticels,
hollow, terete, to 12 mm diameter		 8
Leaves, blade texture & size
alternate or geminate, the blade to 8 cm long X 4.8 cm wide, darker green above 4, 14
blade shape including margin the blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the apex acute, the base of some leaves somewhat truncate 4, 14
hairs both faces densely pubescent, the hairs erect, unpigmented, dendritic, non-gland-tipped 4, 14
petiole 1.1 to 3.9 cm long 4, 14
Inflorescence
1 to 4
one observation of 5 flowers per inflorescence was made during field work on Mione et al. 669		 4, 14
peduncle
 4 - 8 mm long, green at time of flowering, nearly terete or terete; pubescent with erect, unpigmented, dendritic and forked non-gland-tipped hairs 4
pedicel
 11 - 18 mm long, green at time of flowering, the distal end angular in cross section; pubescent with erect, unpigmented, dendritic and forked non-gland-tipped hairs 2, 4
Calyx when flowering, color & size
 green, 16 - 18 mm diameter 5, 2, 3, 4,10,12,14
shape / position when flowering subplanar 5, 2, 3, 4,10,12,14
hairs glabrous internally, externally pubescent, especially on the veins, the hairs dendritic non-gland-tipped 5, 2, 3, 4,10,12,14
at fruit maturity hiding 1/3 of the fruit in side view, at least 25 mm diameter probably somewhat larger (fruits were not ripe) 15
Corolla color
 green turning to blueish, with red nectar showing through the wall of the corolla, and purple pigmentation of the corolla showing at the bottom of the nectar troughs after nectar is removed and in side-view of flower 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,14
shape and size
 campanulate with a planar limb, 8.5 - 13 mm long X 25 - 39 mm diameter 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,14
lobes/lobules
 lobes alternating with lobules together totaling 10 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,14
hairs
externally with dendritic hairs on veins, glabrous between veins. Internally, the hairs simple, erect, gland-tipped, and evenly distributed. 3
Stamen length including anther
 11 - 12 mm  
length stamens exserted beyond distal end of corolla (applicable if corolla is tubular or campanulate) in side view, not exserted
to only anthers showing		 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 14
Yes, consipicuous to unaided eye 1, 8, 9
base expanded laterally? Yes  
filaments connivent, very pale green,
pilose only at the base		 6, 11
anther color yellow prior to dehiscence but with the connective green 4, 6, 9, 11
anther size 2.5 mm (dry herbarium specimen) to
3 mm (field notes)		 1, 4, 6, 9
anther mucronate/mucronulate Yes, evident only with a dissecting microscope,
0.05 mm long		 Both Mione et al. 740 and Mione et al. 833 were studied with dissecting microscope.
insertion of filament into anther venral face  
anthers of a flower open simultaneously? no 9
pollen quantity per flower 103,500 - 255,750 n = 2 flowers collected in Peru, Mione et al. 740 & 833, counts by Emmett P. Varricchio.
pollen grain size

range 32.75 - 38.75

mean 35.34 um

 n = 47 grains in polar view, analine blue in lactophenol, pollen had been stored in 70% ethanol for years. Pollen measured by Scott E. Poglitsch, Mione et al. 740
Corona
 no  
Gynoecium, stigma
 capitate, bilobed, darker green than the style 6, 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11
Style
11 - 13 mm long, straight, pale-green, exserted 5 mm beyond mouth of corolla 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12
Ovary & Ovarian Disk
 green, 3 mm high X 3 mm wide, the disk orange and half as high as the ovary 12
Ovules per ovary
170 - 196 n = 2 flowers, one locule counted and doubled, flowers collected in Peru, Mione et al. 740 & 833,
counts by T. M.
Nectar
 red, copious refractometer reading: 9 brix, 18 June 1999, Mione et al. 669
Herkogamy yes, the stigma is exserted several mm beyond the distal end of the dehisced anthers 3, 8, 9, 11
Protogyny Yes 1, 11
Fruit color (at maturity) and size
not seen, almost certainly orange
9 - 11 X 13 - 16 mm		 unripe in figures 4, 15
Seeds per fruit
no data
  
Seed Size
no data
  
Chromosome number
no data
  
Growability in Connecticut, USA
no data
  
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit?
no data
  
Self-Compatible?
no data
  
Seed Germination
no data
  
Ratio of pollen to ovules
 609 - 1305 n = 2 flowers, flowers collected in Peru,
Mione et al. 740 & 833
Character Description of Jaltomata "neei" Figures on this web page
 
Figure 5. Calyx, view of back of flower, of Jaltomata neei. Smallest units are mm, photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833
Figure 6. Flower of Jaltomata neei. Anthers have not yet dehisced, stamens are connivent, red nectar on corolla. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833.
Figure 7. Young stem of Jaltomata neei. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833
Figure 8. Old stem of Jaltomata neei. Note lenticels. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833

 

Specimens of Jaltomata neei studied: Peru, Department Cajamarca
Province Locality elevation habitat date collector (herbarium) Data Entered
San Miguel TYPE SPECIMEN. Road from San Miguel de Pallaques to Llapa: 07 00.744 S, 78 50.188 W
2,645 m
roadside
27 Mar 2013
 S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 5426
Jan 2014
San Miguel collected at same exact location and same date/time as type specimen
2,645 m
roadside
27 Mar 2013
 T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 833
Jan 2014
             
San Miguel Vista Alegre, Niepos
2,400 m
zonas humedas, borde de cultivos
"1-11-85"
 S. Llatas Quiroz 1575 (F)
Feb 2014
San Miguel 6 59.001 S, 78 48.237 W
2,919 m
steep roadside bank
20 Mar 2007
 T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 740
S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 3643 (HAO)
Jan 2014
San Miguel +/- 15 drive from Llapa to Hualgayoc,
6 58' 25" S, 78 47' 58" W
2,840 m
borde de carretera en suelo húmedo
18 June 1999
 T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 669
S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 2370 (HAO)
Feb 2014

 

Figure 9. Flower of Jaltomata neei. Note nonsimultaneous anther dehiscence. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833
Figure 10. Flower in side view, Jaltomata neei. Anthers undehisced. Stigma bilobed. Smallest units are mm. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833.
Figure 11. Pistillate phase flower of Jaltomata neei on left (note anthers are undehisced) and hermaphroditic phase flower on right (four of five anthers dehisced). Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 833.
 
Figure 12. Nearly all of corolla was removed to reveal the calyx and ovary. Note the orange disk around the base of the ovary. Photo of Jaltomata neei by Thomas Mione in Peru, Mione et al. 833. Figure 13.
Figure 14. Flower in side view, Jaltomata neei. Purple pigmentation of base of corolla shows in side-view. Stigma bilobed.
Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 740
Above: Figure 15. Jaltomata neei. Flowers in hermaphroditic (older) phase, and unripe but approximately full-size fruits on right.
Photo by Segundo Leiva G., Mione et al. 740.
Figure 16. Andean man with Jaltomata neei in hand. Photo by Segundo Leiva G., collection locality of Mione et al. 740.