Jaltomata grandibaccata S. Leiva & Mione |
Peru |
revised 2022 |
| Link to Jaltomata homepage | The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, Connecticut 06050-4010, United States of America. | Arnaldoa 14(2): 219 - 238. 2007. Arnaldoa 15(2): 185 - 196. 2008. |
Link to Jaltomata of La Libertad, Peru |
Link to Jaltomata of northern Peru |
Link to the edible Jaltomata species |
Link to local names of Jaltomata species |
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| Figure 1. Flower of Jaltomata grandibaccata, anthers have dehisced, red nectar in base of corolla, habitat in background. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 818. This population is identified as J. guillermo-guerrae by Segundo Leiva G. |
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| Figure 2. Flowers of Jaltomata grandibaccata, side view. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 818. This population is identified as J. guillermo-guerrae by Segundo Leiva G. |
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| Figure 3. Flower of Jaltomata grandibaccata, anthers undehisced. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 818. This population is identified as J. guillermo-guerrae by Segundo Leiva G. |
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Figure 4. Flower of Jaltomata grandibaccata, longitudinal view, stigma at bottom. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 818. |
Jaltomata grandibaccata and J. guillermo-guerrae are conspecific in the view of T. Mione, but are considered distinct species by S. L. G.
Jaltomata grandibaccata (including J. guillermo-guerrae): Geographic and Altitudinal Range, and Specimens Studied:
all specimens are from Peru, Department La Libertad, province Santiago de Chuco
Locality |
elevation |
habitat |
date | collector |
| alrededores de Collagueda ("Chollagueda" in Mione's notebook)(Muchucayda), entre Shorey y Santiago de Chuco, 8 09' 04" S, 78 13' 43" W |
3520 m |
12 June 1999 |
TYPE SPECIMEN OF J. grandibaccata S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 2337 |
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| alrededores de Collagueda ("Chollagueda" in Mione's notebook)(Muchucayda), entre Shorey y Santiago de Chuco, 8 09' 04" S, 78 13' 43" W |
3530 m |
12 June 1999 |
Mione, S. Leiva & L. Yacher 643 collected at same time and place as type specimen of J. grandibaccata | |
| 8 09.060 S, 78 13.725 W | 3682 m |
among large boulders, oca fields nearby | 23 Mar 2013 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva & L. Yacher 819 S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 5410 |
| Las Gordas | 3490 m |
rocky treeless hillside | 12 June 1999 |
TYPE SPECIMEN OF J. guillermo-guerrae S. Leiva, T. Mione & L. Yacher 2336 (HOLOTYPE: HAO) |
| 7 59 36" S, 78 22' 37" W |
3581 m |
rocky treeless hillside | 12 June 1999 |
Mione, S. Leiva & L. Yacher 642 collected at same time and place as type specimen of J. guillermo-guerrae |
| Las Gordas | 3450 m |
rocky treeless hillside | 14 June 1999 |
S. Leiva, Mione & Yacher 2348 (HAO) |
| several min walk upslope from road: 7 59 34" S, 78 22' 34" W |
3549 m |
along bottom of rocky cliff | 9 June 2005 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva & L. Yacher 713 |
| Las Gordas | 3560 m |
8 May 2008 |
S. Leiva 4447 (HAO) [not seen by Mione, data provided by S.L.G.] | |
| Las Gordas, walked 2 min uphill from road: 7 59.542 S, 78 22.526 W |
3567 m |
among large boulders and closely surrounded by other vegetation | 23 Mar 2013 |
T. Mione, S. Leiva & L. Yacher 818 S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 5409 |
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| Figure 5. Flower of Jaltomata grandibaccata, face-on view, stigma closest to viewer, red nectar in base of corolla. Smallest units are mm, photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 818. This population identified as J. guillermo-guerrae by Segundo Leiva G. |
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| Figure 6. Flower of Jaltomata grandibaccata, anthers undehisced, stigma closest to viewer, red nectar in base of corolla; underside of leaves showing on lower left and upper right. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 818. This population is considered J. guillermo-guerrae by Segundo Leiva G. |
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| Figure 7. Flower of J. grandibaccata in longitudinal view, stigma at bottom. Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 819. Mione and S. Leiva G. agree that this population is J. grandibaccata |
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| Figure 6. Unripe fruit of Jaltomata grandibaccata with persistent style.
Photo by Thomas Mione, Mione et al. 819. Mione and S. L. G. agree that this population is J. grandibaccata |
| Character | Description of J. grandibaccata | Description of Jaltomata guillermo-guerrae |
| Peru, La Libertad, province Santiago de Chuco |
Peru, La Libertad, province Santiago de Chuco |
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| altitude of type specimen m | 3,520 | 3,490 |
| Mione et al collection numbers | 643 (collected at same time and place as type specimen), 819 | 642 (collected at same time and place as type specimen), 713, 818 |
Habit & Height |
suffrutescent or shrub, to 2 m | shrub 0.6 - 1.3 m, much branching |
Branches, young |
4 - 5 sided, green but at times the adaxial face brown, hollow, without lenticels, glabrescent, with some simple, unpigmented hairs | 4 - 5 sided, purple to green, at times purple on upper suface and greenish on lower surface, not hollow, without lenticels, glabrous |
older |
cylindrical or somewhat 4 -5 sided, hollow, with lenticels, glabrous, to 2 cm diam | somewhat 4 -5 sided, not hollow, with lenticels, glabrous, to 1 cm diam |
| Leaves, size | proximally alternate, distally geminate, the blade ovate, membranous, dark green, lustrous on the adaxial (top) face, the abaxial (lower) face light-green and | proximally alternate, distally geminate, the blade ovate, membranous, |
| shape | ||
| hairs | ||
| petiole | semicylindrical, green, with some simple unpigmented hairs, 1.5 - 2.5 cm long | |
Inflorescence |
2-flowered | 2-flowered |
peduncle |
cylindrical, green, pilose, the hairs simple and unpigmented, pendulous, 4 - 6 mm long | green |
pedicel |
4-5 angled, green, pilose, the hairs dendritic, 9 - 10 mm long. |
4-5 angled, green, the hairs dendritic, 8 - 10.5 mm long |
| Calyx at flowering | campanulate, 5 keels (where sepals meet) protruding away from the corolla (not evident on pressed specimens), the exterior dark-green, the interior light green, covered with both simple and dendritic hairs, the main vein raised, 25 - 27 mm diameter, the lobes (5) triangular | campanulate but at times more or less flat, 5 keels (where sepals meet) protruding away from the corolla (not evident on pressed specimens), the exterior dark-green, the interior light green, glabrescent the hairs dendritic, and primarily on the principal nerves, the main vein raised, (23-) 30 - 35 mm diameter, the lobes (5) triangular |
| at fruit maturity | 37 - 42 mm (Mione's field notes) | 32 - 37 mm diam |
Corolla color |
blue-green distally, the lobules green-blue and the lobes green |
generally blue-green, sometimes blue, the center sometimes (depending on age?) dark purple-blue fading proximal to distal to a lighter green-blue, the radial thickenings dark purple fading to blue (proximal to distal) in some of our photos |
shape and size |
campanulate, 20 mm long X 35 - 40 mm diam (lobe tip to lobe tip) measured on fresh material (not on an herbarium specimen). | campanulate, 20 mm long X 35 - 47 mm diam (lobe tip to lobe tip) measured on fresh material (not on an herbarium specimen). |
lobes / lobules |
10 (lobes alternating with lobules) | 10 (lobes alternating with lobules) |
hairs
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Stamen length including anther |
connivent, | connivent, the stamens of a flower vary in length |
| length stamens exserted beyond distal end of corolla (applicable if corolla is tubular or campanulate) | in the protologue we wrote "exertos" but when I compare the photos of 643 & 819 (grandibaccata) with those of 642 and 818 (guiermo-guerrae) I don't see a clear difference | most photos we took in the field in Peru show stamens included, as described in the protologue, but one of my photos of Mione et al 713 shows stamens exserted a few mm |
| radial thickenings form nectar troughs | yes "5 cavidades llenas con abundante néctar rojo anaranjado interiormente" |
yes "5 cavidades llenas con abundante néctar rojo anaranjado interiormente" |
| filaments | green, the hairs at base violet-blue | green, the hairs at the base purple |
| anther color | yellow | yellow, the connective green |
| anther size | ||
| anther mucronate / mucronultate | no (Mione's observations on undehisced anthers with dissecting scope, 819) |
yes (Mione's observations of undehisced anthers with dissecting scope, 642) "sin mucrón apical" (S. Leiva's observation) |
| insertion of filament into anther | inserting on the lower ventral face of anther | inserting on the lower ventral face of anther |
| anthers of a flower open simultaneously? | photos taken in Peru provide no evidence that anther dehiscence is Not simultaneous, but we may have merely photographed the flowers at a time of day after all anthers dehiseced | photos taken in Peru provide no evidence that anther dehiscence is Not simultaneous, but we may have merely photographed the flowers at a time of day after all anthers dehiseced |
| pollen quantity per flower | 204,298 (n = 1 flower, count by CCSU student Elisabeth dos Santos) |
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| pollen grain size | ||
| corona | no | no |
Stigma |
darker green than the style | capitate, darker green than the style |
Style |
green, 23 - 23.5 mm long | green, 19 - 23 mm |
Ovary |
the disk yellow | the disk yellow-orange |
Ovules per ovary |
no data |
no data |
| Nectar | orange-red | red |
| Herkogamy | yes, the stigma is exserted beyond the dehisced anthers | yes, the stigma is exserted beyond the anthers and / or the stamens somewhat angle away (proximal to distal) positioning the dehised anthers away from the stigma |
| Protogyny | yes (based on the presence of both open flowers having undehisced anthers and open flowers having longer stamens with dehisced anthers) | yes (based on the presence of both open flowers having undehisced anthers and open flowers having longer stamens with dehisced anthers) |
Fruit color (at maturity) and size |
orange, 15 - 15.8 mm X 18 - 22 mm | orange, 12 - 14 X 17 - 18 |
Seeds per fruit |
231 - 272 306 counted by T. M. in a fruit from Mione et al. 643 |
312 - 374 (protologue) 264 Mione's count |
Seed Size |
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Chromosome number |
no data |
no data |
Growability in Connecticut, USA |
no data |
no data |
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit? |
no data |
no data |
Self-Compatible? |
no data |
no data |
Seed Germination |
no data |
no data |
| Character | Description of J. grandibaccata | Description of Jaltomata guillermo-guerrae |
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Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 643, Photo by T. Mione in Peru at time of type collection |
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Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 643, Photo by T. Mione in Peru |
Red Floral Nectar. Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 643, Photo by T. Mione in Peru |
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Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 643, Photo by T. Mione in Peru at time of type collection |
| Above: Photos A, B and C by Segundo Leiva G. |
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Above: note the red nectar in the flower. Plants (shrubs) grow to 1.2 m high and produce orange berries that look like small tomatoes Diagonally above right: habitat; note the vehicle at the right for size scale. I was standing at or near the plant when I took this photo. At right: flower from side view. photos by T. Mione: T. Mione, S. Leiva G. and L. Yacher 713. |
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Link to Jaltomata homepage |
The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, Connecticut 06050-4010, United States of America. |