Jaltomata diversa (J. F. Macbr.) Mione

Peru

revised Aug 2023

Link to Jaltomata homepage

The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA, and Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru

Brittonia 51(1): 31-33. 1999

Link to the Jaltomata of southern Peru

Figure 1. Jaltomata diversa. The anthers of a flower evidently do not open to present pollen (dehisce) simultaneously: In the flower on the right three anthers are undehisced while two have completely dehisced (T. Mione, S. Leiva, L. Yacher, L. Cáceres M. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.)

Figure 2. T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.	Figure 3. T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.
4. Side view of flower (T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.)	5. Woody stem and leaf at left (T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.)
6. Jaltomata diversa grows in man-made rock walls between fields (Laura Cáceres Martínez facing viewer, Segundo Leiva G. nearly hidden, T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Thomas Mione)	7. Habitat: grows in man-made rock walls betwen fields (T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Thomas Mione)
8. Branches (smallest units on ruler are mm, T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Thomas Mione)	9. Leaves and woody branch (smallest units along top are mm, T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.)
10. Inflorescences, branches and leaves (T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.)	11. Fruits, ripe (orange) and unripe (green) (smallest units on ruler are mm, T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Thomas Mione)

Jaltomata diversa (J. F. Macbr.) Mione. Brittonia 51(1): 31-33. 1999. Saracha dentata Ruiz & Pav. var. diversa J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13, part V-B, no. 1: 34. 1962. TYPE: PERU. Dept. Arequipa, Prov. Condesuyos, above Salamanca, S 15 30' 06"; W 73 49' 58", 3600 - 3700, March 1914, A. W. Weberbauer 6853 (LECTOTYPE, US!: ISOLECTOTYPES: F!, GH!, MOL!, NY!). Treatment of this taxon at the species level was proposed by C. V. Morton in an unpublished manuscript (obtained from W. G. D'Arcy).

Distribution and Ecology: southern Peru (departments are listed below in table of specimens), altitude from about 2600 to 3700 m.  It has been collected in sandy-rocky places.  Flowering December through April; fruiting occurs in February-April.

This species is distinguished from Jaltomata dentata (Ruiz & Pav.) Benítez, of which it was originally treated as a variety, by its lack of peduncles and its shrub habit, reaching 0.5 - 3 m in height.  J. dentata has peduncles 0 - 18 mm long, is woody only at the base, and reaches no more than 25 cm in height.       

Flowers fragrant (Laudeuiau 3808)

Habit & Height	Shrub to 1.5 m (3 m, label of Vargas 19503)
Branches, young	terete, green, densely pubescent, the hairs non-gland-tipped and whitish, at least some of the hairs dendritic
Older	terete, brown, to 1 cm diameter, not hollow
Leaves Size		figure 9
Shape		figure 9
arrangement and hairs	alternate, often geminate, pubescent with many dendritic hairs on underside and upperside
petiole	5, 6, 8 mm long
Inflorescence	6, 7
Peduncle	there is no peduncle, a defining characteristic of this species
Pedicel	green, terete, pubescent with dendritic hairs
Calyx at flowering	very nearly planar, densely pubescent with dendritic hairs, the margin ciliate
at fruit maturity	planar, stellate, 7 - 8 mm diam
Corolla lobes/lobules	5-lobed	figures 1, 3, 4, 12
shape and size	crateriform, 11 mm across
color	white with pair of green maculae at base of each lobe	figures 1, 3, 4,12, 14
hairs	outer surface pubescent with unpigmented hairs
radial thickenings	no
Stamen length
filaments	very pale green or cream-colored, hairy at base the hairs unpigmented
anther length & color	anther cream-colored
anthers of a flower dehisce simultaneously?	at least sometimes no	see figure 1
pollen grains	40,000 - 62,188 grains per flower (n = 2 flowers)	Higher count by CCSU student Elisabeth dos Santos, 2011 Lower count by Kenneth C. Plourd 2016
Stigma	capitate
Style length	4 mm, gradually increases in diam proximal to distal	figure 1
Disk around ovary	orange, the disk about 60% as high as the ovary
Ovules per ovary	35	Ovules counted by T. Mione, Mione et al. 805
Nectar	transparent
Herkogamy	yes, stigma exserted 1 mm beyond anthers (field notes, Mione et al. 805)
Protogyny
Fruit color (at maturity) and size	orange (figure 11), 6.5 X6.5 mm
Infructescence		figure 11
Seeds per fruit	24 (n = 1, Mione et al. 805)
Seed Size
Chromosome number	no data
Growability in Connecticut, USA	no data
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit?	no data
Self-Compatible?	no data
Seed Germination	no data
Ratio of Pollen to ovules	1,143 (n = 1 flower having 40,000 grains / 35 ovules)

Specimens examined: Peru. Specimens organized roughly north to south except for type specimen in first row.

Department	province	locality	altitude m	habitat	date	collectors	herbaria	Data Entry
Arequipa	Condesuyos	LOCALITY: above Salamanca	3600 - 3700		March 1914	W. Weberbauer 6853	see above	TYPE
Huancavelica	Tayacaja	Mantaro Valley, near La Mejorada	2700-2800		21 March 1926	W. Weberbauer 7602 (US)		Aug 2023
Huancavelica	Tayacaja	Road from Pampas to Salcabamba, 12 19 04.6 S, 74 49 29.7 W	2785	open sun, roadside	11 March 2018	T. Mione et al. 885; S. Leiva et al. 6722		April 2018
Huancavelica	Tayacaja	Road from Pampas to Salcabamba, 12 19 49.7 S, 74 49 12.7 W	3190	open sun, roadside	11 March 2018	T. Mione et al. 886; S. Leiva et al. 6724		April 2018
Huancavelica	Tayacaja	Road from Pampas to Salcabamba, 12 20 45.4 S, 74 49 52.2 W	3185	open sun, roadside	11 March 2018	T. Mione et al. 887; S. Leiva et al. 6720		April 2018
Ayacucho	Huanta	road from Huanta to Huallay, S 12 49', W 74 16'	3550	Steep rocky slope with sparse vegetation, in loose scree and soil, in full sun	18 Feb 2000	M. & K. Weigend 2000/362	HUSA	Feb 2010
Ayacucho	Cangallo	Ocros	2900	open sunny sandy soil	2 Mar 1939	Stork & Horton 10799	G, K	Aug 2007
Ayacucho	Lucanas	trail from Quebrada de Chulla-bora to main road	3100	dry hillside, partial shade, growing among rocks of fence	3 Apr 1942	R. D. Metcalf 30317	G, US	Aug 2007
Ayacucho	Lucanas	alrededores de Puquio	3350	arcillosa-pedregoso	22 Apr 1950	Ferreyra 7181	US, USM	Aug 2007
Ayacucho	Lucanas	on rd. 8 km NW of Puquio, above San Juan	3250	high rocky steep arid shrubby grazed slopes	14 Dec 1962	H & C Iltis & D & V Ugent 457a	WIS	Aug 2007
Ayacucho	Lucanas	1 Km NW of Puquio	3300	weeds in hegerow, edge of Vicia, Oxalis, Solanum field	14 Dec 1962	H & C Iltis & D & V Ugent 484	WIS	Aug 2007
Ayacucho	Lucanas	1 km NW of Puquio	3300	weeds in rocky hedgerows	14 Dec 1962	Iltis & Ugent 481a	WIS	Aug 2007
Ayacucho		between La Quinua and another place I can't read	no data	no data	20 Feb 1968	Soukup 5631 (US)	US	Dec 2010
Apurímac	Grau	Cotabambas (alrededores)	3500	laderas abiertas	Mar 1946	C. Vargas C. 5668	CUZ	Mar 2010
Apurímac	Andahuaylas	quebrada 2 km north of Andahuaylas	3050	clay among boulders	23 Feb 1939	H. E. Stork & O. B. Horton 10716	F, G, GH	Aug 2007
Arequipa	Arequipa, distrito de Pocsi	pueblo Piaca S 16 30' 10.8" W 71 21' 20.9"	3183	in man-made rock walls between agricultural fields	19 Jan 2010	T. Mione et al. 805; S. Leiva et al. 4669	HAO, HUSA	Feb 2010
Arequipa	Arequipa	Petroglifos de Sogay S 16 34 0.7, W 71 25 51.2	2625	ladera arbustiva	11 Feb 2006	V. Quipuscoa et al. 3350	HUSA, herbarium of T. Mione	Jan 2010
Arequipa	Arequipa	lower slopes of Misti	2897	semi-shade	Feb 1943	Laudeuiau (spelling?) 3808	K	Aug 2007
Arequipa	Arequipa	alrededores Arequipa	2400	pedregales; borde camino	31 Mar 1949	C. Vargas C. 8101	CUZ	Mar 2010
Arequipa	Condesuyos	Cabracancha	3200	matorral, laderas	23 Apr 1967	C. Vargas C. 19429	CUZ	Mar 2010
Arequipa	La Unión	Cotawasi	3400	laderas matorral	25 Apr 1967	C. Vargas C. 19503	CUZ	Mar 2010
Arequipa	Condesuyos	above Chuquibamba	3202	among stones and under rocks	31 Dec 1937	D. Stafford 1159	K	Aug 2007
Cuzco			2900 m	entre rocas		C. Vargas C. 2426	CUZ	Mar 2010
Cuzco	Paruro	Huanoquite (hand-written - spelling uncertain)	3400	open rocky slopes	1942	Vargas 2272	F	Aug 2007
Moquegua	Mariscal Nieto	Saylapa, near Carumas, 16 49' 10.6", 70 40' 18.8"	3,356	stone walls of agricultural fields	6 Jan 2010	Mione et al. 796; Leiva G. et al. 4653	HAO, HUSA	Jan 2010
Department	province	locality	altitude	habitat	date	collectors	herbaria	Data Entry

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12. Jaltomata diversa (T. Mione, S. Leiva, L. Yacher, L. Cáceres M. et al. 805, photo by Thomas Mione)

13. Jaltomata diversa. Absence of peduncle is evident in this photo.
H. E. Stork & O. B. Horton 10799. Smallest units on ruler are mm.

14. Flower of Jaltomata diversa An attempt was made to remove in this photo fingers holding flower (T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G., )

15. Thomas Mione photographing Jaltomata diversa (January 2010, T. Mione et al. 805, photo by Segundo Leiva G.)