Jaltomata cuyasensis Leiva, Quipuscoa & Sawyer

Peru
revised Sept 2018  
The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA, and professor Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru

Arnaldoa 5(2): 186 - 188. 1998
Link to Jaltomata homepage
Link to table comparing all Jaltomata species of northern Peru
Link to edible Jaltomata species including this one
Link to local names of Jaltomata including of this species
Figure 1. Jaltomata cuyasensis. In the upper flower note the stigma (in focus at center) connected by style to ovary; . Note the nectar at the base of the corolla in the upper flower. In the upper flower three anthers remain undehisced while two (top and bottom) have dehisced. In the lower flower note that all five anthers have dehisced, and on the stigma a shallow medial groove is evident. Towards the upper left we can see a flower bud that would open the next day. Photo by T. Mione, March 2011, Mione, Leiva G. and Yacher 806.
Figure 2. Map of department Piura, Peru, where Jaltomata cuyasensis grows. Photo by T. Mione, March 2011.

Movie of cloud forest in northern Peru Bosque de Cuyas. The roadsides through this forest are habitat for Jaltomata cuyasensis (movie by Thomas Mione, 37 seconds, 43.3 MB, March 2011; in this movie the first person is Segundo Leiva G. and the second person is Leon Yacher).
Figure 3. Jaltomata cuyasensis. Unripe fruit with persistent style in foreground of flower with both flower and fruit shown in side view. Note the vestiture of non-gland-tipped finger hairs on the stem. Photo by T. Mione, March 2011, Mione, Leiva G. and Yacher 806.
Figure 4. Jaltomata cuyasensis. The corolla-androecium has fallen off of the flower located just left of center, revealing the adaxial face of the calyx and the disk (orange) around the base of the ovary. The flower located to the right of center shows two dehisced anthers and three undehisced anthers. A flower bud can be seen at far upper right.
Photo by T. Mione, March 2011, Mione, Leiva G. and Yacher 806.
Figure 5. Jaltomata cuyasensis. Unripe fruits on left. In one population we found both functionally hermaphroditic flowers as shown in figures 1, 3 and 4, and flowers that were male-sterile and lavender in color shown on the right side.
Photo by Segundo Leiva G., March 2011, Leiva G., Mione & Yacher 5092.
Character Description of Jaltomata cuyasensis Figures on this page
Habit & Height
Shrub to 1.1 m high (to 1.5 m, Quipuscoa et al. 725) 8
Branches, young
 purple, angular in cross section, sparsely pubescent with non-gland-tipped finger hairs 7
older
nearly round in cross section, to 14 mm diam 7
Leaves, size alternate sometimes appearing opposite,
to 13.5 cm long X 10 cm wide		 6
shape eliptical, membranous, basally decurrent,
the apex acute, entire		 6
hairs underside nearly glabrous, the hairs concentrated on veins and non-gland-tipped; upperside pilosulose the finger hairs not gland-tipped 7
petiole to 4.6 cm, usually shorter 6
Inflorescence
umbellate, to 14-flowered according to protologue 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9,10
peduncle
 green, pubescent with erect non-gland-tipped finger hairs 4, 6
pedicel
 nearly terete, the raised longitudinal ridges visible with hand lens 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10
Calyx at flowering green on adaxial (corolla) side, stellate in outline; the margin cilate with unbranched (finger) hairs, the abaxial (back) face pubescent with finger hairs 1, 3, 4, 6, top of 9, 10
at fruit maturity   5
Corolla color
 usually white, sometimes purplish,
with 5 pairs of green maculae in throat		 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10
shape and size
 broadly crateriform-infundibular ("rotácea" in protologue); 1.5 - 2 cm diam 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10
lobes/lobules
 5 lobed (Figure 5) or lobes alternating with small lobules (Figure 9 and as described in protologue) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10
hairs
inner face seems glabrous with hand lens,
outer face has finger hairs		 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10
radial corolla thickenings
 no
Stamen, length including anther 4.4 - 4.8 mm long (protologue), pilose at base (Figure 9) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10
filaments 2.5 - 2.8 mm long (protologue), pilose at base (Figure 9) 1, 4, 5, 9, 10
anther color & length 1.9 - 2 mm long (protologue), yellowish to cream colored 1, 4, 10
anthers of a flower open simultaneously? no 1, 4, 10
pollen quantity per flower

88,750 - 138,500
flowers of Mione et al. 806 collected in Peru (not grown for study), n = 2 flowers, counts by CCSU students
Elisabeth dos Santos and Emmett Varricchio
pollen grain size add this data
Stigma
 green, bilobed 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10
Style
3.5 - 5.1 mm long (protologue), off-white 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10
Ovary
green, glabrous, the disk bright yellow and 60% of the height of the ovary in side view 1, 4, 5, 9, 10
Ovules per ovary
78
n = 1 flower, Mione et al. 806
Nectar transparent 1
Herkogamy yes, a few mm 1, 4, 5, 9, 10
Protogyny
no data
Fruit color (at maturity) and size
orange, 5-6 mm X 8-9 mm 5
Seeds per fruit
 78 (protologue)
Seed Size
  
Chromosome number
no data
  
Growability in Connecticut, USA
no data
  
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit?
no data
  
Self-Compatible?
no data
  
Seed Germination
no data
  
Ratio of pollen to ovules
 1776 (138,500 / 78) n = 1 flower, Mione et al. 806
Character Description of Jaltomata cuyasensis Figures
Figure 6. Leaves of Jaltomata cuyasensis. Only the leaves at the two leaves at right and lower right are upside down (showing abaxial face); all other leaves show the upper side, the adaxial face. Smallest units across bottom are mm.
Photo by T. Mione, March 2011, Mione, Leiva G. and Yacher 806.
Geographic and Altitudinal Distribution of Jaltomata cuyasensis
Department province locality elevation habitat date collector Data Entry
Piura Ayabaca montaña de Cuyas
2,420
 bosque húmedo montano 5 June 1996 TYPE: V. Quipuscoa S. et al. 725 (Holotype: HAO; Isotypes: CORD, F, MO)
Apr 2011
Piura Ayabaca Bosque de Cuyas
2,480
 borde de carretera 21 Sept 1996 S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa 1870 (F, HAO)
Apr 2011
Piura Ayabaca alrededores del Bosque Cuyas, S 4 37', W 79 42"
2,690
 borde de carretera entre Alnus acuminata 06 July 1997 S. Leiva, N. Sawyer & V. Quipuscoa 2025 (HAO)
Apr 2011
Piura Ayabaca 8 km NE of Ayabaca above Las Cuyas, S 4 37', W 79 42"
2,600
 in quebrada 06 June 1997 N. W. Sawyer & S. Leiva 801 (HAO)
Apr 2011
Piura Ayabaca S 04 38' 41.8"
W 79 43' 39.2"
2,750
 roadside man-made embankment 20 March 2011 Leiva, Mione & Yacher 5092;
Mione, Leiva & Yacher 806
Apr 2011
Jaltomata cuyasensis stems
Figure 7. Jaltomata cuyasensis. Older stem on left; younger stem on right. Photo by T. Mione.

 

Figure 8. Jaltomata cuyasensis upright in middle, in its roadside habitat. Photo by T. Mione
Figure 9. Jaltomata cuyasensis. Flowers showing purplish ring immediately outside of the 5 pairs of corolla maculae. All anthers dehisced in both flowers. Photo by T. Mione.
Figure 10. Jaltomata cuyasensis. Upper flower shows 5 pairs of maculae in throat of corolla, pubescence at base of stamens, three anthers undehisced and two dehisced, and stigma in focus at center. Photo by T. Mione.
Photo by Segundo Leiva G. of Thomas Mione holding Jaltomata cuyasensis