All gland-tipped finger, erect, straight, clear, estimated by unaided eye to be about 2 mm long, and covering both faces of leaves, petioles, and axes (Mione et al. 758, observations made May 2008).

Hypocotyl and cotyledons of seedlings are pubescent with unpigmented conspicuously gland-tipped finger hairs
(Oct 2016, Mione et al. 855).

Similar Species: The three species of section Modillonia are herbaceous, have solitary flowers, a 5-lobed corolla, a corona (figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13 of this page), lack radial thickenings, have basifixed anthers (other species of this genus have the filament inserted into the lower ventral face of anther), a stigma no wider than top of style (stigma punctiform, not capitate), grow in Peru and produce copious red-orange nectar. A table comparing the species of Jaltomata section Modillonia can be seen on the webpage of J. quipuscoae.

8 00' 86" S

78 41' 47" W

Rebecca Flinn's 2015 data are shown twice, once here in text, and again in the table below.
If treated with GA, seeds were treated for approximately 20 hours (see table).
Seeds of collections Mione et al. 855 and/or 856 were used.

GA 150 ppm, with scarification:  germination in average of 20.5 days

GA 250 ppm, with scarification: germination in average of 13.6 days

GA 350 ppm, with scarification: germination in average of 13 days

GA 350 ppm, no scarification: germination in average of 17 days

GA 300 ppm, with scarification: germination in average of 8 days

GA 300 ppm, with scarification, grown in a Petri dish: germination in average of 4 days

GA 300 ppm (in a Petri dish) and GA 300 ppm, both scarified, had a cold period of 34 days and had the highest germination rate (60% and 45% respectively).

There was no germination without GA; scarification alone did not induce germination in this experiment (after seeds remained in the refrigerator another month, T. M. was able to get a few seeds to germinate with scarification alone and no GA, but the percent germination was low).

Take-home: use both scarification and GA 300 ppm for this species. We used recently collected seeds, collected in May of 2015, for experiments in July 2015; seeds stored for a longer period may not require treatment.

In another experiment Rebecca Flinn and T. M. were able to obtain many seedlings by both scarifying and treating J. calliantha seeds with 300 ppm for 20 to 21 hours. After soaking the seeds in 300 ppm GA, seeds were planted on the surface of potting mix, and kept moist and warm, with 24 hour lighting. After 10 days 7 out of about 22 seeds and 9 out of about 22 seeds germinated!

Figure 38. Here is a paragraph about the importance of fieldwork.  The specimen M. Weigend 2000/605 (shown above) collected in department Ancash was, when I first studied it, fascinating because flowers have a corona. At that time there were no Jaltomata species known from Department Ancash having a floral corona. I thought the specimen might be J. aspera or J. calliantha or J. quipuscoae because flowers of only these three species have a corona. It was a puzzle at the time, because J. quipuscoae was known only from Department Arequipa, J. aspera was known only from Department Lima, and J. calliantha was known only from Department La Libertad.  Before me was a specimen, M. Weigend 2000/605, collected roughly half way between J. aspera and J. calliantha, geographically.

The first approach I took to solving the mystery was to rehydrate a flower from the museum specimen M. Weigend 2000/605 and see if the rehydrated flower matched up morphologically with one of the species that has a floral corona.  This approach did not provide a definitive answer. The rehydrated flower (above) seemed to lack 5 pairs of dark green corolla spots, lacking in J. aspera but present in both J. quipuscoae and J. calliantha. Had I stopped here I would have had the wrong answer!

The second approach to solving the puzzle was to go to the place where Weigend 2000/605 was collected (photos labeled 855 and / or 856 above show the collection).  Only with living plants, grown from seeds collected where Weigend collected, was I able to definitively and easily identify the species as J. calliantha.  This new understanding led to an immediate (online) revision of the known geographic distribution of J. calliantha, with our new understanding being that J. calliantha grows both in department La Libertad and in department Ancash. Thus, a major revision in our understanding of the geographic distribution came about because Weigend discovered a new population and took the time to make a specimen and deposit it at an herbarium.  Fieldwork by the discoverer of the population was not sufficient; fieldwork by both parties led to the understanding we have today.

In other words, after Segundo Leiva G., Leon Yacher and I went to where specimen Weigend 2000/605 was collected, gathered seeds, and grew plants, I identified the living plants as J. calliantha with 100% certainty. Without fieldwork, a correct understanding of the geographic distribution of species would not have been possible.

In the photo above, units are mm. A pressed/dry specimen was rehydrated in dilute detergent, and then removed from liquid for this photo by T. M.