Jaltomata aypatensis Leiva, Mione & Quipuscoa
northern Peru
revised 24 Sep 2014
The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione, Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050-4010 USA, and
Segundo Leiva G., Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. América Sur 3145, Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru
Arnaldoa 5(2): 180 - 183. 1998
Link to Jaltomata homepage
Link to table of Jaltomata species of northern Peru
Figure 1. Note that anthers did not dehisce simultaneously. Interior of corolla (densely pilosulose) can be seen most clearly on the lobe oriented toward upper left. Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 2. A drop of nectar can be seen at the base of the corolla. Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 3. Side-view of flower; the green maculae and blueish corolla ring can be seen both from the front of the flower (other figures) and through the corolla (this figure). Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 4. Unripe fruit. Numbered units are cm; smallest units are mm. Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 5. Flower. The stigma (green) can be seen at the center surrounded by the dehisced anthers. Photo by Segundo Leiva G.
Figure 6. Flower having dehisced anthers and connivent stamens. Unripe fruit with persistent style above flower. Photo by Segundo Leiva G.
Figure 7. Flower having dehisced anthers and connivent stamens. Flower bud to right of flower. Photo by Segundo Leiva G.
Figure 8. Unripe fruits; the peduncle and pedicels are angular in cross section. Photo by Segundo Leiva G.

 

Character Description of Jaltomata aypatensis from pressed specimens, pickled material, and protologue Figures On This Page For comparison
Mione et al. 808 = Leiva G. et al. 5099		 Figures On This Page
Habit & Height
Herbaceous to 1.2 m high according to protologue; suffrutescent according to specimen label of Leiva et al. 2024; shrub according to specimen label of Sawyer 798   Shrub to 80 cm high  
Branches, young
 green or purple, angular in cross section, the hairs sparse
   green, angular in cross section, nearly glabrous  
older angular, glabrous, 8 - 10 mm
  8 - 10 mm, brown  
Leaves, size geminate, membranous, to 10 cm long X 7 cm wide  
blade to 3.5 X 5.7 cm
  
shape ovate-elliptical, entire, the apex acute, the base cuneate  
ovate-elliptical, entire, the apex acute, the base cuneate
  
hairs both faces pubescent with non-gland-tipped finger hairs   both faces pubescent with non-gland-tipped finger hairs  
petiole 15 - 26 mm long, glabrescent
(to 4 cm long, Leiva's notes on his specimen 2978)		  
to 19 mm
  
Inflorescence
2 - 4 flowered   1 - 2 flowered  
peduncle
 green and purple, angular, to 25 mm long   mostly green but motled with purple, terete, 3 mm long with flower to 7 mm long with fruit; glabrate: the few hairs visible are simple  
pedicel
 green to green & purple, angular, to 1.7 cm long   mostly green but motled with purple; angular if one looks very closely, could also be described as nearly terete; 5 - 8 mm long; finely pubescent  
Calyx at flowering green, usually planar, 9.5 mm from lobe tip across to tip of lobe tip on pressed specimens   green; pubesent with simple hairs, 9 mm from lobe tip across to tip of lobe tip; planar to slightly reflexed; the margin ciliate  
at fruit maturity accrescent, to 2 cm across   no data  
Corolla color
 white with 5 pairs of green maculae at base, and blue ring distal to maculae   white with 5 pairs of green maculae at base, and blue ring distal to maculae  
shape and size
 rotate-campanulate, 27 mm across when pressed, 21 - 28 mm across according to Leiva's notes   broadly infundibular or the distal portion recurved; 16 - 21 mm diam., 8 mm deep  
lobes/lobules
 lobes alternating with lobules totalling 10   lobes alternating with lobules totalling 10  
hairs
interior pilosulose, exterior with finger hairs on veins   interior densely pilosulose, exterior with finger hairs on veins  
no   no  
Stamens 5 - 6 mm long including anther, connivent   5 - 6 mm long including anther, connivent  
filaments intensely purple proximally, whitish distally, the hairs pigmented purple and unbranched (simple) and present along 40 to 50% of the length   intensely purple proximally, whitish distally, the hairs pigmented purple and unbranched (simple) and present along 40 to 50% of the length  
anther color yellowish prior to dehiscence   yellowish prior to dehiscence  
anther size & shape 1.1 - 1.3 mm long (pressed specimen, dehisced, my observations); 2 - 2.2 mm long in protologue (probably undehisced, fresh material)   1.5 to 1.7 mm long undehisced;
1.1 to 1.2 dehisced unpressed undried		  
anther mucronate? mucronulate (one needs high magnification to see, not evident on pressed specimens)   mucronulate (one needs high magnification to see, not evident on pressed specimens)  
insertion of filament into anther        
anthers of a flower open simultaneously?
no data
   The best way to answer this would be to make observations every half hour, but periodic observations were not made. Based on photos taken in Peru, at least sometimes, and possibly normally, the anthers do not dehisce simultaneously  
pollen quantity
21,875 (n=1 flower, Leiva 2978,
count by Emmett P. Varricchio, 2012)
  
25,000 (Mione 808)
  
pollen grain size
add this data
  
add this data
  
corona no   no  
Stigma
 green, bilobed, capitate 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 green, bilobed, capitate  
Style
pale-green, 5.3 mm long including stigma (pickled material, my observation); 5.8 - 6 mm long (protologue) 2, 3 pale-green, 5 mm including stigma  
Ovary
green, 25 to 30% of the height of the ovary (protologue) 6, 7 green, the disk yellow-orange and 30 to 40% of the height of the ovary  
Ovules per ovary
90 (n = 1 flower)
  
129 (n = 1 flower)
  
Nectar transparent   transparent  
Herkogamy
There is no herkogamy after anthers dehisce: anthers are nearly in contact with the stigma. We have no data about the possibility of herkogamy before anthers dehisce.
 2, 3, 6, 7 Yes, while anthers have not yet dehisced. There is no herkogamy after anthers dehisce: anthers are in contact with the stigma.  
Protogyny
Flowers of the species of this genus are usually protogynous, but we have no data about the possibility of protogyny in this species.
   Yes. The anthers remain closed, not presenting pollen for a period of time, then the stamens elongate and the anthers dehisce.  
Fruit color (at maturity) and size
orange, 8 - 9 X 12 - 13 mm (protologue)
the first measurement was from the pedicel attachement to the opposite pole		 4, 6 ripe fruit not seen but probably orange, unripe 6 X 7 - 8 mm,
the first measurement was from the pedicel attachement to the opposite pole		  
Seeds per fruit
 180 - 185 (protologue)  
no data
  
Seed Size
add this data
  
no data
  
Chromosome number
no data
  
no data
  
Growability in Connecticut, USA
no data
  
no data
  
How long does it take from flower to ripe fruit?
no data
  
no data
  
Self-Compatible?
no data
  
no data
  
Seed Germination
no data
  
no data
  
Ratio of Pollen to Ovules
 (21,875 pollen grains / 90 ovules) = 243   (25,000 pollen grains / 129 ovules) = 194  
Character Above: Description of Jaltomata aypatensis   Above: description of Jaltomata collection made at Salala  



Collection of Jaltomata aypatensis showing Geographic and Altitudinal Distribution. Peru, Department Piura
Province Locality elevation habitat date collectors comments
Ayabaca Alrededores del Cerro Aypate
2,660 m
 borde de huerta entre Iochroma y Verbesina
4 June 1997
 S. Leiva G. et al. 2022 (HAO)
TYPE SPECIMEN
Ayabaca Alrededores del Bosque de Cuyas, 04 37' S, 79 42' W
2,690 m
 borde de carretera entre Smallanthus
6 June 1997
 S. Leiva G. et al. 2024 (HAO)
listed in protologue, therefore a paratype
Ayabaca Yacapampa, 8 km NE of Ayabaca above Las Cuyas, 04 37' S, 79 42' W
2,600 m
 in quebrada
6 June 1997
N. W. Sawyer 798
 specimen generously donated directly to T. M. by N. Sawyer
Ayabaca Cerro Aypate
no data
no data
9 Feb 2005
 S. Leiva G. 2978 (HAO) information from notebook pages generously provided by Segundo Leiva G.
Specimen not seen by T. M.
Huancabamba
Salala, north of the city Huancabamba,
05 06' 47.8" S,
79 27' 41.5" W
2,957 m
roadside
21 March 2011
 S. Leiva G., T. Mione & L. Yacher 5099
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & L. Yacher 808		 during approximately 2012 and 2013 I this specimen had its own webpage listed as "salala"

 


Figure 9. Branch, leaves, flowers and unripe fruits. Leiva et al. 5099, photo by Segundo Leiva G.
Figure 10. A drop of nectar can be seen at the base of the corolla. Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 11. Stamens are connivent; the stigma (green) is visible as the uppermost structure on the upper flower, Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 12. Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 13. Note the angular pedicel. Units (out of focus) are mm. Mione et al. 808, photo by Thomas Mione

 

Figure 14. Map of department Piura, in northern Peru. Province Ayabaca, where J. aypatensis grows, is toward the upper right.
"Celica" and "Loja" on the top of this map are in Ecuador. Photo by Thomas Mione
Figure 15. Flower having dehisced anthers and connivent stamens. Note the flower bud showing below the open flower. Flower bud and unripe fruit to right. Photo by Segundo Leiva G.
Figure 16. Flower having dehisced anthers. Note the flower bud showing below the flower. Photo by Segundo Leiva G.

Character Description of Jaltomata collected at Salala
Habit & Height
Shrub to 80 cm high
Branches, young
 green, angular in cross section, nearly glabrous
older
8 - 10 mm, brown
Leaves, size
blade to 3.5 X 5.7 cm
shape
ovate-elliptical, entire, the apex acute, most having the base cuneate
hairs both faces pubescent with non-gland-tipped finger hairs
petiole
to 19 mm
Inflorescence
1 - 2 flowered
peduncle
 mostly green but motled with purple, terete, 3 mm long with flower to 7 mm long with fruit; glabrate: the few hairs visible are simple
pedicel
 mostly green but motled with purple; angular if one looks very closely, could also be described as nearly terete; 5 - 8 mm long; finely pubescent
Calyx at flowering green (purple where pedicel meets calyx); pubesent with simple hairs, 9 mm from lobe tip across to tip of lobe tip; planar to slightly reflexed; the margin ciliate
at fruit maturity  
Corolla color
 white with 5 pairs of green maculae at base, and blue ring distal to maculae
shape and size
 broadly infundibular (most Figures) or the distal portion recurved (Figure 8); 16 - 21 mm diam., 8 mm deep
lobes/lobules
 lobes alternating with lobules totalling 10
hairs
interior densely pilosulose, exterior with finger hairs on veins
radial thickenings
 no
Stamen length 5 - 6 mm long including anther, connivent
filaments intensely purple proximally, whitish distally, the hairs pigmented purple and unbranched (simple) and present along 40 to 50% of the length
anther color yellowish prior to dehiscence
anther size & shape 1.5 to 1.7 mm long undehisced;
1.1 to 1.2 dehisced unpressed undried
anther mucronate? mucronulate (one needs high magnification to see, not evident on pressed specimens)
anthers of a flower open simultaneously? The best way to answer this would be to make observations every half hour, but periodic observations were not made. Based on photos taken in Peru, at least sometimes, and possibly normally, the anthers do not dehisce simultaneously
pollen grains per flower 25,000 (n = 1 flower)
corona no
Stigma
 green, bilobed, capitate
Style
pale-green, 5 mm including stigma
Ovary
green, the disk yellow-orange and 30 to 40% of the height of the ovary
Ovules per ovary
129 (n = 1 flower)
Nectar transparent
Herkogamy Yes, while anthers have not yet dehisced. There is no herkogamy after anthers dehisce: anthers are in contact with the stigma.
Protogyny Yes. The anthers remain closed, not presenting pollen for a period of time, then the stamens elongate and the anthers dehisce.
Fruit color (at maturity) and size
ripe fruit not seen but probably orange, 6 X 7 - 8 mm
the first measurement was from the pedicel attachement to the opposite pole
Ratio of pollen to ovules
 (25,000 pollen grains / 129 ovules) = 194
Character Description of Jaltomata "salala"